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An approximate reconstruction of a Neanderthal skeleton. The central rib cage (including the sternum) and parts of the pelvis are from modern humans. Neanderthals (scientific name: Homo sapiens neanderthalensis or Homo neanderthalensis ) are a group of archaic humans that inhabited Europe and the Caucasus during the Middle and Late Pleistocene stage of the Quaternary Period. Neanderthal extinct occurred in c. 30000 BC with the immigration of modern humans (Cro-Magnon), but

Drop bears (scientific name: Thylarctos plummetus ), sometimes spelled dropbear , are a contemporary mythical creature that were hoaxed to live in Australia, commonly spoken in tall tales designed to scare tourists. They're essentially large, carnivorous koala-like creatures that inhabit treetops and attack unsuspected people that walk beneath them by dropping onto their heads from above.

The Myojin parakaryote (scientific name: Parakaryon myojinensis ) is a highly unusual species of single-celled organism native to Myōjin Knoll off the coast of Japan. It is known only from a single specimen, described in 2012. It has features of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes but apparently distinct from either group, making it unique among organisms discovered thus far. It is the sole species in the genus Parakaryon .

Mythical salamanders (scientific name: Salamandra mythicus ) are a fictional species of salamander often talked about in European folklore. They were best known for having pyrokinesis, the ability to manipulate fire.